Step 1: Thoroughly clean the collard greens. Fill a large basin or sink with cold water. Submerge the greens and swish them around to remove any sand or grit. Drain and repeat this process several times until the water is clear. This is a critical step for a good collard greens recipe.
Step 2: Prepare the greens. Fold each leaf lengthwise and cut or tear out the tough central stem. Stack several leaves, roll them tightly, and slice them into 1/2 to 1-inch ribbons. Set aside.
Step 3: Start the base. In a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed pot, add the ham hocks (or bacon). If using ham hocks, add 6 cups of chicken broth or water. If using bacon, render the bacon over medium heat until crispy, remove the bacon bits, and leave about 2-3 tablespoons of fat in the pot. Then proceed with the next step.
Step 4: Sauté aromatics. If using bacon, add the chopped onion to the pot with the bacon fat and cook until softened, about 5-7 minutes. Add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes (if using) and cook for another minute until fragrant. If using ham hocks, add the onion and garlic directly to the pot with the hocks and broth.
Step 5: Add the greens. Begin adding the sliced collard greens to the pot in batches. It will look like a lot, but they will cook down significantly. Press them down with tongs or a spoon to help them wilt and make space for more.
Step 6: Simmer to perfection. Once all the greens are in the pot, bring the liquid to a gentle boil, then reduce the heat to low. Cover the pot and simmer for at least 2 to 2.5 hours, or until the collard greens are very tender. If using ham hocks, the meat should be falling off the bone. Stir occasionally to ensure even cooking and prevent sticking. This long simmering is essential for the authentic flavor of this collard greens recipe.
Step 7: Season and finish. Remove the ham hocks from the pot (if using). Shred the meat from the bones and discard the bones, then return the meat to the pot. Stir in the apple cider vinegar and sugar. Taste the collard greens and season generously with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Adjust sugar or vinegar as needed to achieve your desired balance of flavors. Serve hot and enjoy the best collard greens recipe!